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Country profile
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Country name
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Mongolia
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Capital
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Ulaanbaatar
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National Day
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11 July
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Flag
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The State Flag is a rectangle divided vertically into three equal parts colored red, blue and red. The Golden Soyombo sign is depicted on the red stripe nearest to the flag pole
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Time
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GMT+ 8 hours
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Currency
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Tugrug (₮)
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Exchange rate
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1170 (2008)
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Location
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Central Asia, located between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China
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Area
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1,566,500 sq. km
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Borderline
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Total: 8162 km; with Russia:3485 km;
with China: 4677 km.
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Climate
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Continental; 4 distinctive seasons
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Elevation
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The average altitude is 1580 meters above sea level. About 80 percent of the territory is 1000 meters above sea level
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Natural resources
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Coal, copper, molybdenum, iron, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold, uranium, and petroleum
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The people
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Population
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2.63 million (2007)
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Nationals
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Mongols-85% 7% Turkic (largest group, Kazakh) 4.6% Tungusic, and 3.4% others
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Males
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48.8%
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Females
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51.2%
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Population growth
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1.486 % (2007)
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Language
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Native tongue: Mongolian
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Religion
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Buddhism
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Life expectancy at birth
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65.85 years
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Under five mortality rate
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43/1000 (under five years)
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UN HDI rank
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0.691 (116th out of 171 countries)
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GDP per capita
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USD 2900 (PPP)
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Literacy rate
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97.7%
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Government
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Political system
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Multiparty parliamentary form of government
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Constitution
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New constitution adopted in 1992
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Constitutional Court
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Constitutional Court is empowered to supervise the implementation of the constitution, makes judgment on the violation of its provisions, and solves disputes
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President
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Head of State. Commander in Chief of Armed Forces and Head of the National Security Council.
Incumbent President H.E. Mr. Tsahia Elbegdorj was elected in 2009
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Parliament
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One chamber, has 76 members, last election was held in 29 June 2008. Chairman of the State Great Hural, Mr. Damdin Demberel was elected in 2008
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Prime Minister/Cabinet
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His Excellency Sanjaagiin Bayar, reappointed in 2008
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National Security Council
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Secretary Mr. Sundev Palam
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Judiciary
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The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body. Judges are nominated by the GCC and confirmed by the Parliament and President
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Administrative divisions
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21 provinces
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Public holidays
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1 January, New Year
February, Lunar New Year
8 March, International Women’s Day
1 June, Children’s Day
11-13 July, National Day-Naadam Festival
26 November, Proclamation of Mongolian Republic
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Economy
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Fiscal year
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Calendar year
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GDP
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USD 3.854 billion (2007)
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Real GDP growth
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9.9% (2007)
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Share of sectors in the economy
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Agriculture -19%
Services - 41%
Mining - 31%
Processing – 6%
Power – 3%
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Industrial products
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Minerals (primarily copper and gold), animal-derived products, building materials, food/beverage
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Agricultural products
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livestock and byproducts, hay fodder, vegetables
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Exports
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minerals, livestock, animal products, and textiles
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Imports
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machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building equipment, vehicles, textiles
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Heads of livestock
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40.3 million (end of 2007)
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Infrastructure
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Road
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11, 063 km; “Millennium Road” project will connect the country from west to the east and north to south going through major cities and tourism attractions.
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Railway
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1750 km; It connects Mongolia with Europe, Russia, China, and Eastern and South East Asian countries.
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Civil aviation
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National air carrier: MIAT. It provides regular services to such major destinations as Beijing, Seoul, Osaka, Moscow, Berlin, and Frankfurt.
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Telecommunications
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International country code
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976-
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Internet country code
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.mn
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Fixed line subscribers
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60.3 per 1000 population
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Mobile phone subscribers
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296.8 per 1000 population
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Internet subscribers
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10.0 per 1000 population
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